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- @053 CHAP ZZ
-
- ┌───────────────────────────────────────────────┐
- │ THE "UNION SHOP" AND STATE RIGHT-TO-WORK LAWS │
- └───────────────────────────────────────────────┘
-
- The National Labor Relations Act ("NLRA"), a federal law
- that has governed labor union/management disputes since
- the days of FDR and the New Deal, generally makes it il-
- legal for a company to require that a person be a member
- of a labor union before he or she can be hired as an em-
- ployee. Thus, the so-called "closed shop" has been il-
- legal under federal law for many years.
-
- However, a "union shop" contract between a company and a
- union is still permitted under the NLRA. A "union shop"
- is, in simple terms, a situation where a person can be
- hired by a company without first being a union member, but
- is required, under the collective bargaining agreement
- between the company and the union, to become a member of
- the union (usually within 30 days after becoming employed),
- in order to remain an employee. A similar arrangement that
- is also acceptable under the NLRA is an "agency shop" ag-
- reement, which provides that an employee need not join the
- union, but still must pay dues to the union in order to
- remain an employee.
-
- But the NLRA provides that a state, if it wishes to provide
- stricter limitations on mandatory union membership and
- mandatory union dues payments, may prohibit such "union
- shop" or "agency shop" agreements, as a matter of state law.
- To date, 21 states have enacted such "right-to-work" laws,
- which all guarantee, at a minimum, that no person may be
- denied employment for refusal to join a union. A number
- of such laws also prohibit mandatory payment of union dues
- by non-union workers in order to retain employment (banning
- the so-called "agency shop," as well as the "union shop").
-
- Many employers consider states which have "right-to-work"
- laws to be advantageous places to locate businesses, since
- unions have a much tougher time organizing workers where
- they are prohibited from creating "union shop" situations.
- Thus, in recent years, many firms have relocated in states
- that have such right-to-work laws, which tend to be Sunbelt
- states in the South and the West or Midwest. It is no ac-
- cident that most of the fastest growing states in the U.S.
- in recent decades, such as Nevada, Florida, and Arizona,
- are all "right-to-work" states, and thus very attractive
- to industry.
-
- None of the larger, heavily industrialized and unionized
- states, such as New York, Michigan, Pennsylvania, Ohio,
- California, etc., has a right-to-work law.
-
- @CODE: AL AZ AR FL GA ID IA KS LA MS NB NV NC ND SC SD TN TX UT VA WY
- @STATE is one of the 21 states that has a Right-to-
- Work law at present.
- @CODE:EN
- @CODE: DC
- Washington, D.C. does not have a Right-to-Work law.
- @CODE:EN
- @CODE: NY MI PA OH CA
- @CODE:EN
- At present, @STATE does not have a Right-to-Work law.
-
-